Sealing ability of various endodontic sealers with or without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment on bovine root canal.

This study investigated the wettability and consistency of various endodontic sealers, both inorganic and organic, and evaluated their sealing ability of root canals using the single-cone obturation technique, with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment. Bovine root canals were endodontically prepared and filled in preparation for the dye penetration test with toluidine blue solution. All sealers exhibited contact angles similar to or lower than dentin and displayed superior consistency. Among the sealers, organic sealers used without EDTA treatment showed reduced dye penetration compared to inorganic sealers. However, some inorganic and organic sealers showed dye penetration in the sealer and dentin of root canals subjected to EDTA treatment. In conclusion, the single-cone obturation technique, combined with these endodontic sealers, achieved close contact with root canal dentin due to their wettability and consistency. However, the sealing ability of certain sealers was influenced by EDTA treatment.

Effect of three different conditioning agents on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer restorations - An in vitro study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the conditioning effects of phosphoric acid/5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixture, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, and 10% polyacrylic acid on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer (GI) restorations. Materials and Methods: Out of 68 extracted premolars, 34 teeth were selected for microleakage and 34 for bond strength evaluation. The samples were divided into the following four groups. Group 1: pretreatment with 50/50 volume% mixture of 5.25% NaOCl solution and 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Group 2:pretreatment with 2% CHX digluconate, Group 3: pretreatment with 10% polyacrylic acid (positive control), and Group 4: no pretreatment (negative control). All the samples were then restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Microleakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and rhodamine-B dye penetration test. For bond strength, flat dentin surface was exposed and pretreated as mentioned previously and restored with GIC and was evaluated using universal testing machine. Results: Among all the four groups, Group 1 showed least microleakage and highest bond strength when compared with other groups. Whereas the Group 4 samples which were not pretreated with any of the conditioning agent showed the least shear bond strength with greatest cavosurface microleakage when compared to the groups which were pretreated with the conditioning agents. Conclusions: A combination of 50/50 volume % mixture of 37% H3PO4 and 5.25% NaOCl can be a good choice for surface pretreatment of GI restorations.

Evaluation of Microleakage Using Dye-penetration Method in Three Different Composite Resin Core Build-up Materials: An In Vitro Study.

AIM: Aim of the current research is to establish and assess the microleakage in bulk-fill composite, nanohybrid ormocer-based resins, and nanofilled composite resin core build-up materials employing the dye-penetration technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human mandibular first premolar teeth with a solitary root canal without dental caries were chosen for this research. Each specimen was subjected to decoronation of 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), following which the root canal treatment procedure was rendered complete. A space for the post was made for all the 60 samples. Following positioning of the post, specimens were allocated into one of the following three investigational groups (20 specimens in every group) on the basis of the core build-up materials used as group I: bulk-fill composites, group II: nanohybrid ormocer-based resins, and group III: nanofilled resin composites. Direct composite was used for core build-up and subjected to light-curing. Following this, the specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours interval. Each section was evaluated for dye diffusion employing a stereomicroscope with software at a magnifying power of 40× and surface contact between dentin and base of the material was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Nanohybrid ormocer-based composites exhibited the least microleakage at 1.12 ± 0.14, in pursuit by nanofilled composite resins at 1.79 ± 0.09, and finally the bulk-fill composites at 2.85 ± 0.11, amid the investigational groups studied. A statistically significant difference amid the three dissimilar cores buildup substances was found upon analysis of variance. CONCLUSION: Despite the study limitations, this research came to a conclusion that each of the three investigated core build-up substances exhibited microleakage. However, amid the three, nanohybrid ormocer-based composites depicted the lowest amount of microleakage in pursuit by the nanofilled resins and the bulk-fill composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Core build-up is an important requirement as the remaining tooth substance following root canal treatment reduces and needs reinforcement with core build-up to sustain the tooth structure and provide resistance. A vital mandate for enduring efficiency of the restoration in the mouth is high-quality adhesive bond of these agents to cavity walls with diminished microleakage.

Comparison of Dentinal Microleakage in Three Interim Dental Restorations: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the coronal microleakage of e-Temp (DiaDent, Korea), intermediate restorative material (IRM) (Dentsply, Sirona), and Systemp Inlay (Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany) temporary restorative materials used to seal the class I cavity preparations. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, three temporary restorative materials were assessed for microleakage. A standardized class I access cavities (2 mm × 4 mm) were prepared in 30 freshly extracted intact human premolar teeth. Teeth were then divided randomly into three groups consisting of 10 samples each. Teeth were restored with e-Temp (n = 10), IRM (n = 10), and Systemp Inlay (n = 10), temporary restorations, and subjected to thermocycling 5000 times in a cold bath followed by a temperature of 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds. Teeth were painted with two layers of nail polish except for 1 mm around the restoration margin, soaked in 1% methylene blue dye solution (pH 7.4), and kept for 24 h. Sticky wax was used to seal the apical foramina. All the teeth were sectioned mesiodistally, and the specimens were examined for the amount of dye penetration (microleakage) through the restoration using Digital Microscope under 50× magnification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: e-Temp showed 1 (10%) specimen with dye penetration up to 1 mm (Score 1). The specimens restored with IRM showed a 1 (10%) and 9 (90%) of scores for 1 and 3 dye penetration. However, 2 (20%) teeth restored with Systemp Inlay showed a dye penetration up to 3 mm or more (Score 3). A comparison of mean microleakage values of e-Temp (0.03 ± 0.10), IRM (2.69 ± 0.77), and Systemp Inlay (0.78 ± 1.64) showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). IRM specimens showed significantly higher microleakage values than e-Temp and Systemp Inlay specimens (P < 0.05). Conclusion: All the temporary restorative materials tested in this in vitro experiment showed a certain extent of microleakage. The temporary restorative material e-Temp showed the least microleakage values followed by Systemp Inlay and IRM.

Evaluation of coronal microleakage of intra-orifice barrier materials in endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review.

Background: Endodontic success depends on complete sealing of the root canal orifice to prevent re-infection and re-Contamination of the treated teeth through microleakage. Intra-orifice barrier material provides a seal against micro-organisms, its by-products thus, preventing microleakage and subsequent endodontic failure. Several studies have been done to evaluate microleakage after placing various materials as IOB, but still there is no standardization for the same. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the microleakage associated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), composite, and glass ionomer cement (GIC) when used as IOB material. Materials and Methods: Protocol was formulated in accordance with PRISMA checklist 2020 and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021226225). Electronic search from databases such as Medline/PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were performed from the year 2000-2020. In vitro and ex vivo studies evaluating coronal microleakage after placing IOB material using methylene blue dye penetration test under a stereomicroscope were included. A total of 5 studies were included in the systematic review. After assessing the risk of bias using customized criteria referred from JBI critical appraisal tool, characteristics of the included studies, reason for exclusion of the studies, and data extraction sheet were prepared. Results: All studies included in this systematic review reported that placement of an IOB material significantly reduces microleakage as compared to control groups. MTA used as an IOB showed less microleakage than composite and GIC. Conclusion: MTA as IOB material demonstrated the least microleakage in vitro studies. However, in this systematic review, only in vitro studies were included. Thus, more studies in the form of randomized control trials are required to give a conclusive and definitive result.

Assessment of bacterial and dye penetration through post/crown interim restorations while under simulated masticatory load.

The aim was to compare two temporary cements to determine which resisted bacterial and dye penetration under temporary posts/cores/crowns subjected to simulated masticatory function. Forty-six single canal human tooth roots were prepared for posts/crowns. A cotton pellet and Cavit were placed in each post space. Temporary posts/cores/crowns were cemented with Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) (n = 23) or Tempocem (n = 23). Specimens were sterilised, then immersed in a mixture of Streptococcus gordonii and India ink, and subjected to 4 weeks simulated mastication. Dye penetration was assessed by visually inspecting the cotton pellets. Bacterial penetration was determined by placing the pellets into sterile broth and by plating them onto agar plates to confirm S. gordonii growth. There was no statistically significant difference between the cements and the dependent variables of bacterial and dye penetration. Hence, both cements are good options to cement temporary posts/cores/crowns during endodontic treatment of anterior teeth.

Assessment of Microleakage under Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Various Adhesive Systems: An In Vitro Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of microleakage beneath stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly extracted 60 human premolar teeth from mandibular arch were included in this study. After sterilizing all teeth, they were stored in thymol solution of 1% for further preparation. Acrylic blocks were used to mount the teeth in a way their roots were totally implanted up to the cement enamel junction in acrylic with crown being visible. A 0.022 slot, stainless steel preadjusted edgewise premolar brackets were taken. Sixty premolars were categorized randomly into three groups (20 premolars in each group) as follows: group I: flowable composite, group II: Fuji Ortho LC, group III: Transbond XT. Later, all the samples were subjected to thermocycling and tested immediately and 24 hours after water storage. The samples were submerged for 24 hours in methylene blue solution (2%) at room temperature. A ×20 magnification stereomicroscope was used to examine all samples. RESULTS: The lowest microleakage (1.34 ± 0.20) was shown by Transbond XT restored teeth, followed by flowable composite group (1.79 ± 0.32) and Fuji Ortho LC group (2.98 ± 0.13). An analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences among various adhesive systems. A statistically significant difference (p <0.05) among groups I and II, and groups II and III adhesive materials was seen. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated microleakage in all the examined adhesive groups but the lowest microleakage was found with Transbond XT group followed next by Filtek Z350 XT group and Fuji Ortho LC group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Due to microleakage, the bacteria and fluids present intraorally penetrate through the gaps along the enamel-adhesive boundary. This penetration results in significant esthetic and clinical complications. Such problems related to microleakage can be addressed with the use of an appropriate adhesive agent.

An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Bioactivity between Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA, BIODENTINE & Glass Ionomer Cement Using Dye Penetration Method.

The ideal root end filling material should form a tight seal in the root canal by adhering to the cavity walls. Several materials have been used for root end filling. The present study aims to find out and compare the bioactivity of Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA White, BIODENTINE & glass ionomer cement as root end filling materials using 1% methylene blue as tracer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth were used in the study. They were divided into four groups. Specimens were sectioned transversely in the cervical area to separate the crown from the root. The root canal was obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealers. Thereafter, each sample was resected apically by removing 3 mm of the apex and filled with different materials. Samples were kept in buffering solution at 37 °C until the recommended evaluation periods. The specimens were then suspended in 1% methylene blue for 24 h, prior to the analysis. The teeth were then sectioned, and dye penetration was examined, photographed, and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Vertical dye penetration showed significant differences across different groups. The minimum dye penetration was seen in Neo MTA plus followed by BIODENTINE, Pro Root MTA and maximum in GIC. There was no significant difference in dye penetration between Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE both at fifteen days and one-month intervals. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE should be the preferred material for root end filling.

Evaluation of Sealing Potential of Different Repair Materials in Furcation Perforations Using Dye Penetration: An In Vitro Study.

AIM: The present study aimed to assess the sealing ability of various repair materials in furcation perforations using dye penetration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 human first molars from mandible with unbroken enamel surfaces, which were extracted completely for periodontal reasons, were chosen. All extracted teeth were kept in a sterile solution up until further use. Endo-access bur was used to prepare endodontic access cavity, and a high-speed long shank round bur was used to create a planned perforation on the floor of pulp. All the specimens were randomly grouped (20 teeth in each group): Group I: control; group II: Pro-Root MTA; group III: resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM GIC); and group IV: Biodentin. After placement of repair materials in perforated furcation, the chamber of each tooth was accessed with 2% methylene blue dye. Later, a diamond disk was used to split the teeth buccolingually. A stereomicroscope (10×) was used to visualize the highest dye penetration. RESULTS: The least penetration was seen in teeth repaired by Biodentin group (0.88 ± 0.02), next by Pro-Root MTA group (1.24 ± 0.13) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement group (3.62 ± 0.46). A statistically significant difference was seen among different perforation repair materials by analysis of variance. A statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05) was found between each group, excluding group II v/s group IV. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that reduced dye penetration in perforation repair along the furcations and improved sealing ability are shown by biodentine group in comparison to Pro-Root MTA and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Root perforations along the furcation that develop due to the endodontic procedures have a remarkable damaging effect on prognosis and frequently result in loss of secondary periodontal attachment, thus resulting in early loss of the involved tooth. Therefore, the selection of biocompatible repair material aids to enhance the treatment prognosis.

Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-based Materials in the Repair of Furcal Perforations: A Laboratory Comparative Study.

AIM: To assess the sealing ability of two calcium silicate-based materials in the treatment of iatrogenic furcal perforations using a dye-penetration leakage model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Furcation perforations were performed using a size 12 round burr on the pulp chamber floor of 20 first mandibular molars. The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups, two additional molars served as negative controls. The defects were then filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus in the first group and Biodentine in the second group. Leakage at the repaired sites was then evaluated using the methylene blue dye penetration technique. RESULTS: Significant differences in microleakage were found between the two groups at 72 hours (p < 0.001). MTA Angelus had greater dye penetration than Biodentine with a statistically significant difference. Subsequently, the sealing ability of Biodentine was significantly better than MTA Angelus (p < 0.001). However, the mean values of leakage and inadequate adhesion were significantly different from the theoretical value for both the MTA Angelus (p < 0.001) and Biodentine (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The current results suggested that Biodentine possesses higher sealing quality than MTA Angelus. Yet, both materials are not ideal and still need improvement to ensure perfect adhesion in case of furcal perforation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This article aims to compare the sealing ability of one dental repair material over another, after iatrogenically producing a furcal perforation. Leakage resistance and sealing ability are important factors in favoring the outcome of an endodontic treatment of a tooth that could otherwise be condemned for extraction.

Influence of delayed light curing on the cuspal deflection and microleakage of a dual-cured composite resin in Class 2 restorations.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of delayed light curing on a dual-cured composite resin on cuspal deflection, microleakage, and enamel cracks. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty-eight standardized Class 2 cavities were prepared in maxillary third molars and restored with a dual-cure composite resin (Core-X Flow) in bulk-fill technique. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 12) and either self-cured (1) or light cured immediately (2), with 1 minute (3) or 2 minutes of delay (4) after placement. Cuspal deflection was measured before preparation, 6 minutes after placement, after 24 hours, and after 120 days of storage and thermocycling. The margins of the restorations were examined under a stereomicroscope after 24 hours and 120 days. Samples were immersed in a 0.2% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours at room temperature and then sectioned vertically and mesiodistally, and dye penetration and enamel cracks were recorded under a stereomicroscope using a scoring system. RESULTS: Six minutes after placement the cuspal deflections were between 20 ± 2.1 µm and 39.3 ± 1.9 µm. After 120 days the cuspal deflection in all groups was reduced to almost complete recovery, while the percentage of perfect margin decreased. Differences in microleakage, dye penetration, and enamel cracks were observed between different locations but not between the groups. Statistical analysis did not show a correlation between cuspal deflection, margin quality, or enamel cracks. CONCLUSION: A short delay in light curing of a dual-cure composite resin could significantly reduce the initial cuspal deflection measured 6 minutes after light curing, thereby probably reducing the polymerization shrinkage stress. However, the curing mode did not significantly influence microleakage and enamel cracks.

Influence of attachment design and material on the retention of resin-bonded attachments.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the influence of the attachment design and material on the retention of resin-bonded attachments (RBAs) before and after dynamic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight caries-free human premolars were prepared for RBAs fabricated either from a CoCr alloy or from zirconia ceramic. Specimens were divided into three groups (n = 16 each). Two groups had a standard attachment design for alloys (group M made from a CoCr alloy and group Z1 made from zirconia ceramic). The third group had an attachment design optimized for zirconia ceramic (group Z2 made from zirconia ceramic). Attachments were bonded to the acid-etched enamel of the premolars using a phosphate monomer containing adhesive resin. Subgroups of eight specimens each were either debonded using a tensile force in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 2 mm/min (S) or were exposed to dynamic loading with 50 N over 1200,000 loading cycles in a chewing simulator prior to debonding (D). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the initial failure loads of groups. With the exception of subgroup Z1-D, all specimens survived the dynamic loading. Statistical analysis showed that dynamic loading caused a significant decrease of failure loads in group Z1. In contrast, subgroup Z2-D exhibited significantly higher failure loads compared to the subgroup Z1-D. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that zirconia RBAs fabricated with an optimized attachment design may be a valid clinical alternative to metal RBAs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical data on the long-term potential of zirconia RBAs is required before these restorations can be recommended for general use.

Comparative Study of the Effect on Apical Sealability with Different Levels of Remaining Gutta-Percha in Teeth Prepared to Receive Posts: An in vitro Study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the apical sealability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex and Endosequence BC sealer at three different lengths of remaining gutta-percha after postspace preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 freshly extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were decoronated, biomechanically prepared, and randomly divided into four groups; Group A and Group B served as positive and negative control with 10 teeth each. The teeth in Group C and Group D (with 30 teeth each) were obturated with gutta-percha using MTA Fillapex sealer and Endosequence BC sealer, respectively. Teeth in Group C and Group D were further subdivided into three subgroups depending on the length of remaining apical gutta-percha, i.e., 3, 4, and 5 mm after postspace preparation. Apical leakage was assessed using dye penetration method under stereomicroscope. RESULTS: In both the Groups C and D, there was overall no statistically significant difference in leakage; however, Group C showed slightly more leakage than Group D. There was a statistically significant difference in leakage at 3 mm and 5 mm level in both groups. CONCLUSION: Although less microleakage occurred, the bioceramic sealers could not totally eliminate leakage.

Evaluation Of Micro Leakage Of Root Canals Filled With Different Obturation Techniques: An In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite a plethora of studies done comparing different obturation techniques using gutta-percha, there is no consensus as to which obturation technique results in a 'better' sealing of root canal space. Aims of the study are to compare mean apical micro leakage in root canals of extracted teeth obturated with cold laterally compacted gutta-percha and thermoplasticised injectable gutta-percha using calcium hydroxide based sealer. METHODS: It was an in-vitro experimental study carried out using extracted teeth. After access cavity preparation and canal preparation in 70 teeth, they were randomly divided into 2 groups and filled with two different obturation techniques using Sealapex sealer. Teeth were placed in 2.0% methylene blue solution, sectioned longitudinally, observed under microscope and images were captured using microscope attached camera. Amount of dye penetration was measured in millimetre from apex to most coronal part of dye penetration. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0. Mean and standard deviation of continuous variables was computed. Independent Sample t- test was applied to compare micro leakage values in the two study groups. Level of significance was kept at 0.05. RESULTS: According to the measurements, obturation with Obtura-II and Sealapex was leakier than the other group, with a mean dye penetration of 1.91±1.15 mm. There was a statistically significant difference in dye penetration among the two groups.. CONCLUSIONS: Cold lateral compaction plus Sealapex was the best combination for obturation as it exhibited least microleakage. Obtura IISealapex combination should be used with caution as it showed maximum microleakage. For obturation of single rooted teeth, we recommend cold lateral condensation with Sealapex sealer as it showed better sealability. Obtura-II and Sealapex should be used with caution in single rooted teeth as this group showed the maximum leakage..

µCT-3D visualization analysis of resin composite polymerization and dye penetration test of composite adaptation.

This study evaluated the effects of the light curing methods and resin composite composition on composite polymerization contraction behavior and resin composite adaptation to the cavity wall using µCT-3D visualization analysis and dye penetration test. Cylindrical cavities were restored using Clearfil tri-S Bond ND Quick adhesive and filled with Clearfil AP-X or Clearfil Photo Bright composite. The composites were cured using the conventional or the slow-start curing method. The light-cured resin composite, which had increased contrast ratio during polymerization, improved adaptation to the cavity wall using the slow-start curing method. In the µCT-3D visualization method, the slow-start curing method reduced polymerization shrinkage volume of resin composite restoration to half of that produced by the conventional curing method in the cavity with adhesive for both composites. µCT-3D visualization method can be used to detect and analyze resin composite polymerization contraction behavior and shrinkage volume as 3D image in the cavity.

Comparative Analysis of Microleakage of Zirconia-infused Glass Ionomer Cement with Miracle Mix and Amalgam: An In Vitro Study.

Context Various restorative materials are introduced in dentistry to achieve adequate strength and restore aesthetics. Dental amalgam is a versatile material with self-sealing property, but is unaesthetic. Other restorative materials like composites require conservative preparation, but exhibit polymerisation shrinkage resulting in microleakage. To overcome these drawbacks, a high strength restorative material reinforced with ceramic and zirconia fillers known as Zirconomer (Shofu Inc., Japan) has been introduced. Aims This in vitro study aims to evaluate and compare the microleakage of zirconia-infused glass ionomer cement (Zirconomer) with Miracle Mix (GC Fuji Miracle Mix, Japan) and amalgam. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, 30 non-carious premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) depending on the restorative material used-Silver Amalgam (DPI, India), Miracle Mix, and Zirconomer. Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 30 non-carious extracted premolars. The restored teeth were thermocycled and then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. All teeth were bisected longitudinally in a buccolingual direction and observed under a stereo microscope at 40X magnification for the evidence of dye penetration. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Walis tests (p<0.01). Results Zirconomer showed the least microleakage in Class V cavity restoration with a statistically significant difference to amalgam and Miracle Mix. Conclusions Zirconomer has proven to be an excellent restorative material as it showed the least microleakage followed by Miracle Mix and amalgam. Zirconomer raises the bar for restorative reinforced glass ionomers by outperforming conventional glass ionomers and amalgam restoration.

A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage among Newer Composite Materials: An in vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: Good adhesive bonding of restorative materials to cavity walls minimizing microleakage is an important criterion for the performance and longevity of a restoration in the oral cavity. The present study is aimed to compare the microleakage among newer composite materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five extracted healthy premolars were collected; standard Class II cavities were prepared. They were randomly divided into three groups of 15 teeth each. The groups were made based on the different composite restorative materials used for restoration. Group A consisted of conventional microfilled composite resin restorations, and Group B was posterior nanocomposite resin. Group C was restored using ORMOCER - Admira. After completion of restorations, all teeth were subjected to thermocycling at 5° C, 37° C, and 55° C for 250 cycles. Later, all samples were immersed into 50% silver nitrate dye group wise for for 4 hours (h), and teeth were sectioned buccolingually. Sectioned teeth were observed under a stereomicroscope for the evaluation of microleakage. ANOVA and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was at set P < 0.001. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that Group C (ORMOCER - Admira) presented with the least microleakage followed by Group B (Tetric N-Ceram) followed by Group A (Tetric Ceram). CONCLUSIONS: Overall ORMOCER - Admira performed better than the other two composite materials with the least microleakage.

Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study.

AIMS: The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the coronal microleakage of three common temporary restorative materials, namely Coltosol, Compoglass, and Zonalin, used in pediatric dentistry after endodontic treatment at different time intervals (1 week, 1, and 2 months) using dye penetration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Access cavities were prepared in 72 intact extracted premolar teeth. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 24) and filled with Coltosol, Compoglass, or Zonalin. After thermal cycling for 500 cycles (5-55°C), the teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye at 37°C for 1 week (n = 8), 1 month (n = 8), and 2 months (n = 8). The samples were sectioned buccolingually, and the linear depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope at 16 × magnification. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the micro-leakage values of Coltosol and Zonalin or Zonalin and Com-poglass groups at 1 week (p > 0.05) or 1 month (p > 0.05) intervals, but a significant difference was noted between Coltosol and Compoglass groups (p < 0.01); Coltosol provided a more favorable coronal seal. No significant difference was found among the experimental groups at the 2-month interval (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: At 1 week or 1 month of use, Coltosol showed better coronal seal. At 2 months, there was no significant difference apparent between the groups. A longer time lapse was associated with an increased likelihood of microleakage. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Milani S, Seraj B, Heidari A, Mirdamadi A, Shahrabi M. Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):115-118.

A Comparative Study of the Quality of Apical Seal in Resilon/Epiphany SE Following Intra canal Irrigation With 17% EDTA, 10% Citric Acid, And MTAD as Final Irrigants - A Dye Leakage Study Under Vacuum.

INTRODUCTION: Adequate apical sealing ability of the root canal filling material is an essential requisite for a successful endodontic therapy. Various endodontic irrigants are used for the removal of smear layer before obturating with a solid core material, thereby, reducing microleakage and improving apical seal. Resilon, a synthetic material was developed as an alternative to replace the conventional gutta-percha (standard root canal filling material) and traditional sealers for the obturation of endodontically treated teeth. AIM: To evaluate and compare in-vitro, the post obturation apical seal obtained with Resilon /Epiphany SE (Self Etch) sealer following irrigation with 17% Ethylenediamine Tetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA), 10% citric acid, and MTAD (a mixture of doxycycline, citric acid, and a detergent, Tween 80), as final irrigants in combination with Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) using dye leakage under vacuum method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five single rooted human maxillary central incisors were subjected to root canal instrumentation. Based on the final irrigation solution, samples were divided into three experimental groups (n=15); (I) 17% EDTA + 1.3% NaOCl, (II) 10% citric acid + 1.3% NaOCl, (III) MTAD + 1.3% NaOCl and two control groups (positive and negative) with 0.9% normal saline as a final irrigant. The samples were obturated with resilon/epiphany SE sealer according to manufacturer instructions and placed in 2% rhodamine B dye solution under vacuum pressure for 30 minutes and allowed to remain in the dye for seven days. All samples were then longitudinally split and examined for dye leakage under stereomicroscope and the data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tukey test. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference (p=0.001) was observed in the mean apical leakage between the experimental and the control groups. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in the mean apical leakage amongst the three experimental groups. CONCLUSION: 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, and MTAD were equally effective in achieving the post-obturation apical seal with resilon/epiphany SE sealer when used as a final irrigant in combination with NaOCl.

Leakage assessment of flexible pouches using dye penetration test with correlation to modeled bacterial aerosol challenge test.

Package integrity is a primary measure of a package's ability to keep the contained product inside and to keep potential contaminants out. In this study, injecting and vacuum dye penetration methods were applied for the assessment of the package integrity of retortable flexible pouches having various sizes of micro-channels. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of dye penetration as a physical test that can be incorporated into a stability protocol and compare the results of the dye penetration test with those from the bacterial aerosol challenge test. The study found a direct correlation between the results of the vacuum dye penetration test and those of the microbial test. The critical leak size that can ensure the flexible package integrity was 15 µm. To detect defective pouches, the dye vacuum testing had a sensitivity similar to that of bioaerosol challenge test.